Haematology Institute
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a commonly used cancer treatment. Chemotherapy refers to drugs that stop cancer cells from dividing and growing. It achieves this by killing dividing cells. The effectiveness varies depending on the stage of the cancer being treated. Adverse effects can be severe, and patients should discuss their options with their doctor. Chemotherapy usually has more advantages than disadvantages.
Transplantations
A bone marrow transplant, also known as a stem cell transplant, is used to treat certain types of cancer. If you have leukaemia, multiple myeloma, or certain types of lymphoma, you may have one. Stem cell transplants are also used by doctors to treat certain blood diseases. Previously, a stem cell transplant was known as a bone marrow transplant because the stem cells were extracted from the bone marrow. Nowadays, stem cells are usually extracted from the blood rather than the bone marrow. As a result, they are now commonly referred to as stem cell transplants.
Diseases We Treat
Anemia
Red blood cells transport haemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues all over the body. Anemia occurs when there are insufficient red blood cells or when red blood cells do not function properly. A blood test reveals a haemoglobin value of less than 13.5 gm/dl in a man or less than 12.0 gm/dl in a woman. Children's normal values change with age.
Because your body lacks oxygen when you have anaemia, you may experience one or more of the following symptoms.
Acute
Luekemia
Acute leukemia develops when abnormal white blood cells multiply rapidly and spread throughout the body. If left untreated, these leukemia cells crowd out healthy cells, depriving the body of oxygen, leaving it vulnerable to disease and infection, and unable to "plug" wounds in the skin and blood vessels. Acute leukemias develop quickly and must be treated as soon as possible. Chronic leukemias develop more slowly and may not require treatment for some time after diagnosis. Chronic leukaemias develop when abnormal white blood cells do not die and accumulate in the bloodstream, bone marrow, and other organs. Myeloid leukemias develop from myeloid stem cells and are distinguished by the accumulation of cancerous myeloid cells. Lymphoid leukemias develop from lymphoid stem cells and are distinguished by the accumulation of cancerous lymphoid cells such as B and T cells.
Hodgkins
Lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma is a type of lymphatic cancer. Lymphocytes are specialised white blood cells found in the lymphatic system that help protect the body from infection and disease. Hodgkin Lymphoma develops when developing lymphocytes undergo a malignant change and multiply uncontrollably; these collections of cancer cells are referred to as tumours in lymph nodes and other parts of the body. A firm, usually painless swelling of a lymph node (swollen gland), usually in the neck, under the arms, or in the groyne, is the most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment is primarily determined by the stage, or extent, of disease in your body. Most people with Hodgkin Lymphoma can now be cured. Early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma that affects only one or two areas of the body is frequently treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is usually used if it has spread throughout the body (advanced stage).
Non - Hodgkins
Lymphoma
B and T-cell lymphomas are lymphatic system cancers. Lymphomas develop when developing B and T lymphocytes undergo a malignant transformation and multiply uncontrollably. The majority of lymphomas (around 80%) develop in developing B-lymphocytes (B-cell lymphomas). The remainder are produced by developing T-lymphocytes (T-cell lymphomas). The exact cause of lymphomas is unknown, but they are thought to be caused by damage to one or more of the genes that normally control blood cell development. T-cell and B-cell Lymphomas are diagnosed by examining cells from a lymph node that has been affected.
Myeloma
Myeloma
Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a plasma cell cancer. Plasma cells are mature lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that aid in the fight against infection by producing special proteins known as antibodies. Myeloma cells multiply abnormally, forming tumours that accumulate in various bones throughout the body, particularly the bone marrow. People with myeloma can become anaemic over time, making them more susceptible to infections and more prone to bleeding and bruising. Bone pain is the most common symptom of myeloma. Other symptoms of a lack of normal blood cells include anaemia, frequent or repeated infections, and slow healing as a result of a lack of normal white blood cells. Although there is no cure for myeloma at the moment, treatment can be effective in controlling the disease, sometimes for years. Chemotherapy, usually in conjunction with corticosteroids, may be used to slow the progression of myeloma.
Bonemarrow
Failure
The soft tissue inside the bones known as bone marrow produces blood-forming cells known as blood stem cells. When a disease, such as cancer, affects the bone marrow, it may cease to function, necessitating a marrow or cord blood transplant in some patients. Thousands of people suffering from blood cancers and diseases such as leukaemia, lymphoma, and sickle cell anaemia rely on bone marrow or cord blood transplants for treatment.
Because of immune system issues, the bone marrow can sometimes stop working. This is known as Aplastic Anaemia, and it may necessitate an urgent bone marrow transplant.
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